ABSTRACT
The socioeconomic context and population vulnerability are directly associated with violence in the country. In Brazil, the Criminal Code provides the illicit act and punishes the aggressor who offends the physical aggression from a person. Interpersonal violence is an illegal act and is associated with the vulnerability of victims. Therefore, the study of the epidemiological profile of victims of interpersonal violence is needed to alert the population about their susceptibility. The present study aimed to design the epidemiological profile of victims of bodily injury from interpersonal violence in the region of Maringa, in the state of Parana, and to study the characterization of dental injuries in terms of permanent weakness and deformity. Four thousand nine hundred sixty-two reports performed between 2018 and 2020 were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Data collected included: sex, age, marital status, the region affected by the bodily injury, type of dental trauma, and responses to "weakness" or/and "permanent deformity". During the period studied, there was a prevalence of female victims (57.8%), white skin color (80.2%), aged between 21 and 30 years (24.9%), single (54.9%), and the most affected region was the upper limbs (32.1%). Regarding bodily injuries with dental involvement, 67 cases were reported, male victims were prevalent (60.3%), and dental fracture was highlighted with 54.4% of examined injuries. The implementation of the Forensic Dentistry Centre took place in August 2019 at the Medico-Legal Institute of Maringa. Also, with the interruption of expert activities in 2020 - due to the COVID-19 pandemic - relevant outcomes regarding permanent weakness were observed. The epidemiological profile of victims is characterized by the female sex, white skin color, the age group from 21 to 30 years old, and singles. Regarding dental trauma, male victims, and dental fractures were prevalent. Furthermore, there was an increase in the classification of "permanent weakness", as well as a slight increase in cases of "further assessment required" for permanent deformity.Copyright © 2023 Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirao Preto - U.S.P.. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Home accidents can cause serious injuries, disabilities, and deaths. Approximately 40 million people were treated in hospitals annually because of injuries occurring in homes, and these injuries were responsible for approximately 76% of preventable deaths. The aims of this study are to compare the home accidents in the one-year period during the pandemic and the home accidents in the one-year period before the pandemic, and to reveal how the home accidents are affected in which part of the home and in which types of injuries. A retrospective study was made of the records of patients injured in home accidents between pre-pandemic and pandemic one-year periods. The patients were classified according to age groups, gender, season, day and time of the home accident, accident type, part of the home, trauma localization and type, and severity of injuries. While 46.5% of the 581 injured patients were before the pandemic, 53.5% were in the pandemic period. The injuries increased as the number of households staying at home increased compared to the pre-pandemic period. Likewise, there was a significant increase in the number of falls from balconies and windows during the pandemic period. It is still not possible to make a definite prediction about the course of the pandemic. In this context, it is of great importance to provide information on prevention from home accidents, especially in television programs and distance education activities.Copyright © 2023, Yuzuncu Yil Universitesi Tip Fakultesi. All rights reserved.
ABSTRACT
Background: Spondyloptosis is caused by high force trauma. The vast majority of cases occur in the sagittal plane and at transition points where ridged sections meet more flexible regions. Lateral thoracic spondyloptosis is extremely rare and there is no current consensus on the optimal treatment plan. Case Description: Here we present a case of a previously physically healthy 24-year-old polytrauma patient after he was struck as a pedestrian by a motor vehicle. Of note the patient was found to have lateral spondyloptosis between T9-10 with complete spinal cord transection. The patient also sustained multi-ligamentous left knee injury, pelvic fractures, open comminuted left tibia and fibular fracture, lacerated liver, bilateral renal lacerations, ischemic bowel, and an aortic arch pseudoaneurysm. Conclusion(s): Lateral thoracic spondyloptosis is a devastating injury with an extreme rate of persistent neurologic deficits. There is no unanimously accepted treatment because of the rarity if the injury and the poor outcomes that patients face. Additionally, patients who experience high level trauma often develop severe psychiatric illness, and the importance of identifying risk factors and implementing care early may improve patient outcomes.Copyright © AME Medical Journal.
ABSTRACT
Background: Electric scooters (e-scooters) have become a popular mode of transportation. There use has been accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic, which called for methods of transport allowing social distancing. Here we investigated injury patterns in patients presenting with escooter related trauma in a major trauma centre. Method(s): We retrospectively evaluated all e-scooter injuries presenting to our adult emergency department unit between March 2018 and March 2021. Case notes were retrieved through our electronic patient record system. Specifically, we focused on facial injuries and calculated costs associated with managing them. Result(s): A total of 299 patients were seen with injuries relating to e-scooter. 209 (70%) were male and 90 (30%) Female. Age range was between 18 and 78. 31 cases had major injuries and needed admission. The majority of injuries (30%) were related to upper extremity followed by (26%) lower extremity. 19% (53) of injuries involved the head and neck area. 20% (11) of these specifically needed admission. There was more than 50% increase in total number of injury in quarter 1 in 2021 comparing to same period in 2020 in keeping with the UK opening up from lockdown. Conclusion(s): Our results show there is an increase in number of injuries caused by e-scooter. This is in keeping with e-scooter becoming more popular mode of transport after the start of the pandemic. A significant proportion of these injuries are treated in the maxillofacial department. We believe our study can make treating clinicians aware of common injury patterns, guide further research and help inform policy change to improve e-scooter safety.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To verify the presence of tomographic alterations in the paranasais sinus of patients diagnosed with Covid-19 and to evaluate the presence of an association between olfactory symptoms and the involvement of these sinus. Method(s): This is an observational cross-sectional study that analyzed computed tomography of the nose and paranasal sinus (SSCT) of patients with Covid-19 regarding the presence of mucous thickening in the paranasal sinus. Patients who underwent RT-PCR examination for detection of Covid-19 (SARS-CoV-2) and TCSPN infection from March 2020 to March 2021 were included. Patients with a history of previous nasosinusal surgery, recent facial trauma, age below 18 years or with incomplete information in medical records were excluded. Result(s): A total of 65 individuals were included, of whom 28 were diagnosed with Covid-19. In tomographic analysis, an association was observed between Covid-19 infection and mucous thickening of the bilateral maxillary sinus (p = 0.038) and mucous thickening of the bilateral ethmoidal sinus (p = 0.005). No significant association was found between mucous thickening of the sphenoid and frontal sinus with virus infection. The complaint of olfactory dysfunction was reported by 20% of the patients, with no association with tomographic alterations or Covid-19 infection. Conclusion(s): Covid-19 virus infection possibly causes an injury to the mucosa of ethmoidal cells due to the inflammatory process resulting from viral infection. The lesion of the mucosa of the ethmoidal sinuses may cause alteration in the drainage physiology of the maxillary sinuses due to blockade of the middle meatal tract - site of drainage of the maxillary sinus - and lead to edema of the mucosa of this sinus. This change in the mucosa of the ethmoidal sinus may also be the cause of olfactory disorders presented by patients, as well as may cause lesions in the olfactory nerve. Keywords: Covid-19;SARS-CoV-2;Anosmia;Tomography;Paranasal sinuses. Copyright © 2022
ABSTRACT
Introduction/Aims: The impact of COVID on elective operating is well documented and far-reaching. What has not been reviewed is the impact on trauma surgery. The indications for the surgical treatment of zyggomatic fractures are primarily aesthetic, with only a small percentage of patients with this injury having significant functional problems Material(s) and Method(s): Operative records between April 2015 and December 2021 held in the theatre database of Swansea Hospital were exported to Excel and processed using Winstat. Results/Statistics: Over the time studied the mean zygoma fractures treated per year was 41 (SD 20.6, max 61, minimum 11). The two years since COVID 2020 and 2021 had 11 and 16 cases requiring operative intervention. These were significantly different to that observed in any of the preceding years. [Formula presented] Conclusions/Clinical Relevance: Early in COVID there was a contraindication to general anaethesia for anything but emergency cases. Zygomatic surgery did not qualify as an emergency during this initial phase and the frequency of facial trauma was also reduced because of lockdown. When lockdown ceased in Wales, facial trauma in Swansea (as indicated by operated mandibular fractures) returned almost to normal. However, a combination of limited access to semi-elective theatre and a change in approach by clinicians and patients to the management of cheekbone fractures has completely altered the approach in the Swansea Unit. The impact of this change on training and patient care will be discussed. Copyright © 2022
ABSTRACT
Introduction: While there is anecdotal evidence that a SARSCoV- 2 (COVID-19) reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction screening nasopharyngeal swab confers an elevated risk of epistaxis, no studies substantiate this. We aim to assess the association between epistaxis and exposure to a provideradministered COVID-19 swab. Method(s): A paired-exposure crossover cohort design was used among all patients who received a single COVID-19 swab between April 2020 and March 2021. Occurrence of epistaxis was compared during the hazard period, the 7 days following the index COVID-19 swab, to the control period, the 7 days preceding the index COVID-19 swab. McNemar test was used to compare rates of control- and hazard-period epistaxis. Conditional logistic regression was used to evaluate sociodemographic and clinical risk factors for epistaxis. Result(s): A total of 827,987 participants were included, with 1047 epistaxis encounters. The prevalence of epistaxis during the hazard and control periods were 0.08% and 0.04%, respectively. Swab exposure was associated with 1.92-fold odds of epistaxis in the hazard period (95% CI, 1.73, 2.12];P<.01). Older age (odds ratio [OR] 1.07;95% CI, 1.02, 1.75), Asian ancestry (OR 1.68;95% CI, 1.40, 2.02), men (OR 1.33;95% CI, 1.16, 1.54), anticoagulation/antiplatelet use (OR 2.88;95% CI, 2.11, 3.92), hypertension (OR 2.31;95% CI, 1.92, 2.78), and prior facial trauma (OR 1.63;95% CI, 1.21, 2.19) were associated with significantly increased odds of epistaxis during the hazard period (P<.01). Conclusion(s): COVID-19 nasal swabs are associated with increased risk of epistaxis. Physicians should provide additional counseling to patients, particularly those at highest risk, including those on anticoagulants/antiplatelets or with hypertension, prior to undergoing a COVID-19 nasal swab.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To observe the protective effects of 2 kinds of protective stickers made from different materials on facial injury/discomfort caused by wearing protective appliances of military medical members in the medical team supporting Hubei, so as to provide reference for developing convenient and effective protective measures. Methods Totally 147 military medical members in the medical team supporting Hubei were surveyed by the self-designed questionnaire of facial injury/discomfort caused by wearing protective appliances. Cross-sectional survey of the facial injury/discomfort before and after using the protective gel stickers (Haishen stickers, developed by the Faculty of Pharmacy, Naval Medical University [Second Military Medical University]) or 3M hydrophilic dressing was conducted, and the protective effects of the 2 kinds of protective stickers on facial injury/discomfort were compared. Results A total of 78 medical members finished the questionnaires (62 cases with Haishen stickers and 16 cases with 3M hydrophilic dressings). The scores of facial injury/discomfort were significantly reduced in both groups after using the protective stickers (both, P<0.05);however, there was no significant difference between the 2 groups before or after using the protective stickers (both, P>0.05). The top 4 moderate-to-severe facial injury/discomfort were fogging of protective glasses/masks (85.9%, 67/78), skin indentation (80.8%, 63/78), pain at the contact sites (74.4%, 58/78) and sultry (71.8%, 56/78), and the overall proportion of moderate-to-severe injury/discomfort was 80.8% (63/78);after using the protective stickers, the top 4 moderate-to-severe facial injury/discomfort were fogging of glasses/masks (53.8%, 42/78), sultry (41.0%, 32/78), respiratory resistance (41.0%, 32/78) and skin indentation (38.5%, 30/78), with the overall proportion of moderate to severe injury/discomfort being 43.6% (34/78);and the top 4 improvement rates of facial injury/discomfort after using protective stickers were skin erosion (76.5%), skin redness (67.3%), pain at the contact sites (63.8%), and itching at the contact site (52.9%). Conclusion These 2 kinds of protective stickers made from different materials can improve the facial injury/discomfort caused by protective appliances, which is worth popularizing.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Occupational protection for skin diseases among frontline health workers (HWs) has not received adequate attention during COVID-19 pandemic. Aim: To discuss the systematic measures to skin disease of HWs during emergency response to COVID-19, to promote long-term occupational health protection for them. Materials and Methods: Based on the reports about the skin diseases of frontline HWs during COVID-19 in China, we analyzed the situation within the framework of occupational diseases prevention and control, provided suggestions by professional principles. Results: 1. Little academic literature about derm issue of HWs during COVID-19 in China, while several news were reported by media. 2. Physical and mechanical injuries in the face of HWs due to long-time pressure of face mask nd respirator. Allergic contact dermatoses/contact urticaria caused by disinfectant, latex-containing products (e.g glove). Dermatophytes caused by long-time humid working environment when wearing gown, glove, google, face shield, rubber boots. 3. Skin diseases need to be addressed during emergency response to COVID-19. 4. Skin disease relevant to HWs should be integrated into the system of occupational disease prevention and control, and to be included in the national occupational diseases list, health surveillance and monitoring among HWs ought to be conducted. Conclusions: Occupational health of HWs and patient safety are 2 sides of the same coin of medical quality and safety. Skin diseases of HWs who fight against COVID-19 need to be tackled, experiences and lessons from China could be shared with the counterparts worldwide.